Remember, a rose window does turn so the rose is in compression. In medieval christianism, paganism was still prevalent; and there was also an excitement with a mysticism of numbers that reached right back to Pythagoras. The construction of the gothic cathedrals and their windows involved very complex geometries, with on-going challenges to gain stable structures within the circle. Wheels were, of course, technology: wheels for carts that worked, water wheels, mill wheels, wheels for raising heavy loads, treadmills for providing power, the spread of windmills.
This was exciting, a new world was developing. Little detail has come down to us, surviving the intervening eight hundred years or so.
One of the great treasures that has survived is the design notebook of Villard de Honnecourt. Who knows, perhaps we can even dream of a perpetual motion machine powering this revolution? Or the devil may be confused by a circular maze on the floor, as can be seen just inside the entrance at Chartres cathedral. This what the lighting was like in the old Romanesque churches. The pictorial assists for the clerics teaching the illiterate peasants comprised murals of the moral and uplifting stories.
The Romanesque walls were thick and load-bearing, windows were weakened sections. Thus the buildings were dim, illuminated by various forms of lamp. Glass was immensely expensive, so even an oculus would let in the weather. Buildings with thick walls do have the advantage of insulating from the heat and cold. Come the gothic building revolution and the fundamentals changed.
The realisation grew that between the pillars, great walls of beautiful glass could turn these public buildings into magical works of art. You may read all manner of weighty tomes discussing the minutiae of gothic architecture, but my impression is that the walls of glass and uplifting beauty were the prime drivers of the process.
An example from Laon cathedral Image credit: Axe Notice the cookie-cutter patterns on this early rose. This form is often referred to a 'plate tracery'. In this next general development, you see patterns mimicking lancet windows.
Such windows can be seen in the south rose at Laon , the south rose at Rouen cathedral, just below , and also the north rose of Ouen Abbey Church in Rouen. Rouen south rose from the exterior, the glass being grisaille. Note the highly unusual seven-pointed star at the centre. Amiens north transept rose with pentagon and pentagram centre.
The north rose at Amiens can be regarded as transitional in design, combining the lancets of the rayonnant and the stone tracery of the flamboyant style. Central medallion: Jesus crucified. South rose at Amiens cathedral - external view. As gothic architecture developed, there was less satisfaction with the great gains in size of window alone. At Amiens, you can see the much greater complexity of the Flamboyant window.
You can see that the tracery has become far more complex and even extends outside the are of the rose. That tracery is called blind tracery, whereas the tracery on the rose itself is called open tracery. Wheel of fortune at St Etienne's, Beauvais [ engraving ]. As the mastery of gothic architecture proceeded, and great areas opened up to the potential for being glazed, shapes developed naturally to fill the appropriate spaces.
The circle fitted naturally into the leaping arches, as did lancets into narrower, pointed openings. These times were the true renaissance of Northern Europe, with new techniques, burgeoning populations supported by the development of deep ploughing on the rich soils of the North, and growing knowledge.
Other ways of classifying stained glass windows:. Grisaille window, Poitiers cathedral. Winscombe, Somerset: east window of north aisle.
In medieval times, the manufacture of stained glass was an esoteric craft involving glass-blowing. Date Subject Rose windows ; Architectual design;Stained glass material ; Stained glass visual works ;.
Collections Rev. Photographs Collection. Metadata Show full item record. Related items Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject. Related Items in Google Scholar. Search DigitalGeorgetown. An architectural detail of the East End of Hereford Cathedral showing Gothic lancet windows and arcading.
Graphite, pen and black ink and watercolor on medium, slightly textured, cream wove paper. The 13th Century Early English chapel, a fine example of the early English Gothic style, with lancet windows is the oldest remaining part of Lambeth Palace on the south bank of the River Thames, London, England. Presbytery with rosettes and lancet windows with stained glass Gothic cathedral in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England, UK.
Old Kenyon at Kenyon College. It was founded by Bishop Philander Chase in Considered as the earliest example of Collegiate Gothic in the United States. Campus of Kenyon. Engraving by Traversier.
Panorama Universal. Spanish edition, printed in Barcelona, Later colouration. United States, Ohio, Gambier.
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